{"id":5032,"date":"2017-12-28T10:30:42","date_gmt":"2017-12-28T09:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/?p=5032"},"modified":"2025-08-20T17:22:41","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T15:22:41","slug":"perception-figure-fond","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/perception-figure-fond\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment utiliser la perception figure-fond en design&nbsp;?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019une des th\u00e9ories les plus utiles en design, celle qui vous dira comment mettre en avant des \u00e9l\u00e9ments sur vos publications visuelles, c\u2019est celle qui parle de la perception figure-fond.<\/p>\n<p>Issue de la gestalt &#8211; comme <a href=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/loi-de-cloture-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">la loi de cl\u00f4ture<\/a> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/loi-de-similitude-design\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">la loi de similitude<\/a>, entre autres &#8211; , cette loi s\u2019appuie sur les principes d\u2019avant-plan et d\u2019arri\u00e8re-plan.<\/p>\n<p>Et il existe de nombreuses mani\u00e8res de l\u2019utiliser\u2026<\/p>\n<h2>Pourquoi tout repose sur un vase (ou pas)<\/h2>\n<p>La perception figure-fond s\u2019appuie sur l\u2019id\u00e9e que nous \u00e9tablissons une distinction entre la figure, qui se d\u00e9tache visuellement, et le fond, qui est moins distinct. L\u2019une des illustrations parmi les plus connues de cette th\u00e9orie est le dessin du vase d\u2019Edgar Rubin.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5033\" src=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/12\/exemple-figure-fond.png\" alt=\"vase d'Edgar Rubin\" width=\"150\" height=\"182\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Selon la mani\u00e8re dont on le regarde, et surtout selon celle dont il est encadr\u00e9, vous verrez appara\u00eetre deux visages de profil, se faisant face, ou un vase.<\/p>\n<p>Dans cet exemple, surtout pour la version noir et blanc, on parle <strong>d\u2019image instable<\/strong>\u00a0: il est facile de passer d\u2019une perception \u00e0 l\u2019autre, et aucune ne prend le dessus. C\u2019est un peu plus difficile, cependant, quand le vase est un peu plus d\u00e9cor\u00e9\u00a0: il faut savoir que les visages sont l\u00e0 pour qu\u2019ils apparaissent.<\/p>\n<p>Il existe d\u2019autres astuces qui permettent de faire ressortir une figure.<\/p>\n<h2>Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui attirent l\u2019attention<\/h2>\n<p>Il existe diff\u00e9rentes options pour indiquer au cerveau sur quelles parties d\u2019une image se focaliser\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La taille\u00a0:<\/strong> une th\u00e9orie visuelle veut que, lorsque deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments se chevauchent ou se superposent, le plus petit des deux est automatiquement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme \u00e9tant la figure, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la forme principale \u00e0 regarder. Donc un petit pois sur une nappe blanche appara\u00eetra bien comme important\u00a0!<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le relief\u00a0:<\/strong> il a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tabli qu\u2019une forme convexe, soit bomb\u00e9e vers l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, aura plus tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une figure qu\u2019une forme concave (et creus\u00e9e).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Les couleurs\u00a0:<\/strong> les teintes chaudes renforcent les figures, les froides seront plus r\u00e9serv\u00e9es aux fonds.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u2019emplacement\u00a0:<\/strong> c\u2019est avant tout une question de perspective. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments plac\u00e9s en bas d\u2019un visuel semblent plus proches de nous, donc plus importants, que ceux dispos\u00e9s dans la partie haute<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le contraste\u00a0:<\/strong> un contraste important permet de mettre encore plus en \u00e9vidence un \u00e9l\u00e9ment par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Dans le cas contraire, une ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 se cr\u00e9e, mais vous pouvez \u00e9galement jouer avec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Tous pareils ou tous diff\u00e9rents\u00a0: le combat visuel\u00a0!<\/h2>\n<p>Jouer sur les ombres et les contrastes permet de cr\u00e9er des visuels qui s\u2019approchent des illusions d\u2019optique, comme dans le cas du vase d\u2019Edgar Rubin, vu plus haut.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est aussi une pratique utilis\u00e9e par certains graphistes pour proposer de doubles niveaux de lecture des images.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5036\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5036\" style=\"width: 535px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5036 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/12\/exemple-figure-fond-2.jpg\" alt=\"perception figure fond\" width=\"535\" height=\"758\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5036\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cr\u00e9ateur&nbsp;: Simon C. Page<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>En for\u00e7ant l\u2019\u0153il \u00e0 naviguer entre les deux versions possibles d\u2019un visuel, vous captez l\u2019attention de son propri\u00e9taire. Ce qui est toujours une bonne option en communication, et qui doit \u00eatre le but recherch\u00e9 par toutes vos compositions graphiques.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5037\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5037\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5037 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/12\/exemple-figure-fond-3.jpg\" alt=\"exemple figure fond\" width=\"650\" height=\"487\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5037\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cr\u00e9ateur&nbsp;: Michael Pippo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Comment utiliser la perception figure-fond en web design\u00a0?<\/h2>\n<p>Conna\u00eetre les bases de cette perception aide \u00e0 savoir comment mettre en avant un \u00e9l\u00e9ment\u2026 mais aussi comment indiquer tr\u00e8s facilement \u00e0 un internaute l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il doit concentrer son attention, ou l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 il peut cliquer.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est ainsi que l\u2019organisation d\u2019un site doit s\u2019appuyer sur un fond en retrait, avec diff\u00e9rentes zones qui deviennent des figures, essentiellement par le biais des contrastes de couleur.<\/p>\n<p>Ce n\u2019est pas totalement innocent non plus si les appels \u00e0 l\u2019action sont positionn\u00e9s dans le bas des \u00e9crans\u00a0: ils sont ainsi plus proches des utilisateurs, qui n\u2019ont pas de grands efforts \u00e0 effectuer pour appuyer dessus\u00a0!<\/p>\n<p>Le design, c\u2019est de l\u2019instinct, de l\u2019art, mais c\u2019est aussi de la psychologie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019une des th\u00e9ories les plus utiles en design, celle qui vous dira comment mettre en avant des \u00e9l\u00e9ments sur vos publications visuelles, c\u2019est celle qui parle de la perception figure-fond. Issue de la gestalt &#8211; comme la loi de cl\u00f4ture ou la loi de similitude, entre autres &#8211; , cette loi s\u2019appuie sur les principes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5039,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-graphistes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Comment utiliser la perception figure-fond en design ? - Graphiste Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comment utiliser le principe de la perception figure-fond pour am\u00e9liorer vos designs graphiques ? 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