{"id":17660,"date":"2020-03-11T10:30:23","date_gmt":"2020-03-11T09:30:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/?p=17660"},"modified":"2025-08-20T17:18:58","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T15:18:58","slug":"graphiste-attention-au-deepfake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/graphiste-attention-au-deepfake\/","title":{"rendered":"Graphiste\u00a0: attention au deepfake\u00a0!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9 de la contraction des termes \u00ab\u2009deep learning\u2009\u00bb et \u00ab\u2009fake news\u2009\u00bb, le deepfake d\u00e9signe \u00ab\u2009des vid\u00e9os ou images truqu\u00e9es hyper r\u00e9alistes, g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es via une technique de synth\u00e8se d\u2019images bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019intelligence artificielle\u2009\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Si les toutes premi\u00e8res vid\u00e9os du genre publi\u00e9es d\u00e8s 2016 ont pu surprendre et amuser, la donne est en train de changer puisque de <strong>l\u2019inqui\u00e9tude se fait ressentir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En effet, avec la d\u00e9mocratisation de cette technologie, les deepfakes se multiplient et il pourrait devenir difficile de d\u00e9m\u00ealer le vrai du faux.<\/p>\n<p>Il semblerait d\u2019ailleurs que la lutte contre ce type de contenus ait d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9but\u00e9.\u00a0On vous dit tout dans cet article\u2026<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Le deepfake, une tendance en 2020\u2009?<\/h2>\n<p>Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e au public pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2016, la technologie \u00ab\u2009deepfake\u2009\u00bb (ou hypertrucage en fran\u00e7ais) permet de superposer des fichiers audio et vid\u00e9o existants sur d\u2019autres vid\u00e9os.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 ses d\u00e9buts, elle a permis de cr\u00e9er des vid\u00e9os amusantes de type \u00ab\u2009parodies\u2009\u00bb. Autrement dit, si l\u2019effet visuel \u00e9tait au rendez-vous \u2014 souvent la transposition d\u2019un visage dans une vid\u00e9o \u2013 il n\u2019y avait aucun doute quant au fait que le contenu visionn\u00e9 \u00e9tait un \u00ab\u2009fake\u2009\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Depuis, la technologie s\u2019est am\u00e9lior\u00e9e et en 2019, elle a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 faire parler davantage d\u2019elle \u00e0 travers le succ\u00e8s rencontr\u00e9 par<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5668482\/chinese-face-swap-app-zao-deep-fakes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> l\u2019application chinoise Zao<\/a>.<\/strong> Celle-ci permettait aux utilisateurs d\u2019int\u00e9grer le visage de la personne de leur choix dans des sc\u00e8nes de films ou de jeux t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le m\u00eame temps, Google a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un outil open source<strong>, TensorFlow,<\/strong> permettant de cr\u00e9er des deepfakes \u00e0 volont\u00e9. Aussi, en s\u2019appuyant sur ce dernier, des centaines de d\u00e9veloppeurs ont lanc\u00e9 leur application \u00ab\u2009deepfake\u2009\u00bb sur Android et iOS.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>D\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e\u00a02020, la d\u00e9mocratisation du deepfake va conna\u00eetre une nouvelle acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration, deux plateformes tr\u00e8s populaires \u2014 TikTok et Snapchat \u2014 s\u2019appr\u00eatant \u00e0 lancer leurs fonctionnalit\u00e9s en lien avec cette technologie.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Aussi, m\u00eame si tout le monde ne le souhaite pas, le deepfake devrait bien \u00eatre <a href=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/webdesign-tendances-2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">l\u2019une des tendances de 2020.<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00c0 lire aussi&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/tuto\/tuto-photoshop-retoucher-portrait\/\">Tuto&nbsp;: comment retoucher un portrait dans Photoshop&nbsp;?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Une technologie \u00e0 ne pas laisser entre toutes les mains\u2009?<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 le grand public va pouvoir acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la technologie \u00ab\u2009deepfake\u2009\u00bb comme bon lui semble, voil\u00e0 que bien des questions se posent \u00e0 son sujet.<\/p>\n<p>En effet, si elle avait surtout permis de cr\u00e9er des contenus amusants jusque-l\u00e0, elle a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e \u00e0 des fins politiques \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e\u00a02019.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Attention&nbsp;: Une fausse vid\u00e9o du pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique, Donald Trump, annon\u00e7ant l\u2019\u00e9radication du sida a effectivement \u00e9t\u00e9 vue plus de 3 millions de fois. De la d\u00e9sinformation certes mais le public ne s\u2019\u00e9tait globalement pas fait duper\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Il faut dire que la technologie conna\u00eet encore quelques rat\u00e9s et qu\u2019il est encore possible d\u2019identifier ce qui est du fake de ce qui est vrai.<\/p>\n<p>Mais pour combien de temps encore\u2009? La technologie progresse vite et il est certain que dans tr\u00e8s peu de temps, de fausses interviews ou conf\u00e9rences, plus vraies que nature, vont venir alimenter Internet.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17670\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17670\" style=\"width: 642px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17670 \" src=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/03\/csm_Soeren_Meldgaard_108e916463.png\" alt=\"Illustration d\u2019un G\u00e9n\u00e9rateur d'images pour cr\u00e9er des vid\u00e9os deepfakes.\" width=\"642\" height=\"427\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17670\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration d\u2019un G\u00e9n\u00e9rateur d&#8217;images pour cr\u00e9er des vid\u00e9os deepfakes.<a href=\"https:\/\/phys.au.dk\/en\/news\/item\/artikel\/student-colloquium-soeren-meldgaard-generative-adversarial-networks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Source<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Or, leur impact n\u00e9gatif pourra avoir de lourdes cons\u00e9quences. Imaginez qu\u2019une fausse vid\u00e9o compromettante ciblant un dirigeant d\u2019entreprise soit publi\u00e9e, le cours en Bourse de sa soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pourrait s\u2019effondrer\u2009!<\/p>\n<p>Le risque li\u00e9 aux deepfakes va donc bien plus loin que de la simple d\u00e9sinformation\u2026<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00c0 lire aussi&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/best-of-reussir-infographie\">8 ressources indispensables pour r\u00e9ussir votre infographie<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>La lutte contre les deepfakes est lanc\u00e9e<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 les \u00c9tats-Unis s\u2019appr\u00eatent \u00e0 vivre \u2014 en 2020 \u2014 des \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles particuli\u00e8rement tendues, la question des deepfakes est prise tr\u00e8s au s\u00e9rieux.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17679\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17679\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17679 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/03\/deepfake-facial-landmarks-deepfake-snapchat.jpeg\" alt=\"D\u00e9tection des zones du visages afin d\u2019\u00eatre analyser pour appliquer le filtre. Source.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17679\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">D\u00e9tection des zones du visages pour appliquer le filtre (par exemple Snapchat) . <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/cracking-the-data-science-interview\/snapchats-filters-how-computer-vision-recognizes-your-face-9907d6904b91\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Source.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Il y a peu, le House Intelligence Committee estimait ainsi que <em>\u00ab\u2009les deepfakes soul\u00e8vent de graves questions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et \u00e0 la gouvernance d\u00e9mocratique, avec des individus et \u00e9lecteurs qui ne peuvent plus faire confiance \u00e0 leurs propres yeux ou oreilles lorsqu\u2019ils \u00e9valuent l\u2019authenticit\u00e9 de ce qu\u2019ils voient sur leurs \u00e9crans\u2009\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>D\u2019ailleurs, d\u00e8s l\u2019automne\u00a02019, la Californie a pris la d\u00e9cision de ratifier deux lois rendant ill\u00e9gale la publication d\u2019un deepfake pornographique ou d\u2019un deepfake politique au cours des 60 jours pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant une \u00e9lection.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17676\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17676\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17676 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/03\/deep-fake-challenge-graphiste.png\" alt=\"Deepfake Detection Challenge\" width=\"700\" height=\"389\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17676\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deepfake Detection Challenge<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li>En parall\u00e8le, les g\u00e9ants am\u00e9ricains que sont Facebook, Google et AWS ont choisi d\u2019agir \u00e0 leur mani\u00e8re en lan\u00e7ant un grand concours, <a href=\"https:\/\/ai.facebook.com\/datasets\/dfdc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">le Deepfake Detection Challenge,<\/a> dont l\u2019objet est la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un logiciel capable de d\u00e9tecter les deepfakes.<\/li>\n<li>Fin avril, 1 million de dollars seront offerts \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quipe \u2014 895 participants sont r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s \u2014 qui aura d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 l\u2019outil le plus convaincant.\u00a0Les \u00c9tats-Unis ne sont toutefois pas les seuls \u00e0 prendre la menace au s\u00e9rieux puisque la Chine aussi a eu recours \u00e0 la loi pour bannir les deepfakes.<\/li>\n<li>Gageons que d\u2019autres \u00c9tats pourraient aussi prendre des mesures pour lutter contre ce \u00ab\u2009ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne\u2009\u00bb, et ce d\u00e8s les prochains mois.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\u00c0 lire aussi&nbsp;:<a href=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/6-etapes-de-travail-graphiste\">7 \u00e9tapes de travail pour une collaboration efficace avec un graphiste<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Si vous \u00eates graphiste et que vous \u00eates int\u00e9ress\u00e9 par cette technologie pour vos futures cr\u00e9ations, rien ne vous interdit d\u2019y avoir recours, surtout si votre volont\u00e9 n\u2019est pas de produire des fake news \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n<p>Nul doute que cela pourra vous inspirer dans vos projets \u00e0 venir\u2026<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Vous souhaitez d\u00e9multiplier votre prospection client&nbsp;?\u00a0Nous avons test\u00e9 la plateforme<a href=\"https:\/\/www.codeur.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Codeur.com<\/a> pour vous&nbsp;: d\u00e9couvrez notre article <a href=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/avis-test-codeur-com-plateforme-mise-en-relation-freelance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Avis &amp; Test<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e9 de la contraction des termes \u00ab\u2009deep learning\u2009\u00bb et \u00ab\u2009fake news\u2009\u00bb, le deepfake d\u00e9signe \u00ab\u2009des vid\u00e9os ou images truqu\u00e9es hyper r\u00e9alistes, g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es via une technique de synth\u00e8se d\u2019images bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019intelligence artificielle\u2009\u00bb. Si les toutes premi\u00e8res vid\u00e9os du genre publi\u00e9es d\u00e8s 2016 ont pu surprendre et amuser, la donne est en train de changer puisque [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17681,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[103,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-graphistes","category-video"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Graphiste\u00a0: attention au deepfake\u00a0! - Graphiste Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"N\u00e9 de la contraction des termes \u00ab\u2009deep learning\u2009\u00bb et \u00ab\u2009fake news\u2009\u00bb, le deepfake d\u00e9signe \u00ab\u2009des vid\u00e9os ou images truqu\u00e9es hyper r\u00e9alistes, g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es via une\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/graphiste.com\/blog\/graphiste-attention-au-deepfake\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Graphiste\u00a0: attention au deepfake\u00a0! 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